Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their
environment is called a. | economy. | b. | modeling. | c. | recycling. | d. | ecology. | | |
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2.
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All
of the members of a particular species that live in one area are called a(an) a. | biome. | b. | population. | c. | community. | d. | ecosystem. | | |
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3.
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Which
of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct? a. | Communities make
up species, which make up populations. | b. | Populations make up species, which make up
communities. | c. | Species make up communities, which make up
populations. | d. | Species make up populations, which make up
communities. | | |
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4.
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What
is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems? a. | carbohydrates | b. | sunlight | c. | water | d. | carbon | | |
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Figure
3-1
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5.
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The
algae at the beginning of the food chain in Figure 3-1 are a. | consumers. | b. | decomposers. | c. | producers. | d. | heterotrophs. | | |
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6.
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An
organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called
a(an) a. | heterotroph. | b. | consumer. | c. | detritivore. | d. | autotroph. | | |
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7.
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Which
of the following organisms does NOT require sunlight to live? a. | chemosynthetic
bacteria | b. | algae | c. | trees | d. | photosynthetic bacteria | | |
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8.
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An
organism that cannot make its own food is called a(an) a. | heterotroph. | b. | chemotroph. | c. | autotroph. | d. | producer. | | |
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9.
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Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals
are called a. | decomposers. | b. | omnivores. | c. | autotrophs. | d. | producers. | | |
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10.
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What
is an organism that feeds only on plants called? a. | carnivore | b. | herbivore | c. | omnivore | d. | detritivore | | |
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11.
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What
is an ecological model of the relationships that form a network of complex interactions among
organisms in a community from producers to decomposers? a. | food
web | b. | an
ecosystem | c. | food chain | d. | a
population | | |
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12.
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What
animals eat both producers and consumers? a. | herbivores | b. | omnivores | c. | chemotrophs | d. | autotrophs | | |
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13.
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Only
10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the
remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest
is a. | used in
reproduction. | b. | stored as body tissue. | c. | stored as
fat. | d. | eliminated as
heat. | | |
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14.
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The
repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called a. | the water
cycle. | b. | the condensation cycle. | c. | precipitation. | d. | evaporation. | | |
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15.
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Which
of the following is NOT recycled in the biosphere? a. | water | b. | nitrogen | c. | carbon | d. | energy | | |
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16.
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Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes
EXCEPT a. | photosynthesis. | b. | transpiration. | c. | burning of
fossil fuels. | d. | decomposition of plants and animals. | | |
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17.
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Organisms need nutrients in order to a. | utilize hydrogen
and oxygen. | b. | carry out essential
life functions. | c. | recycle chemical compounds. | d. | carry out
nitrogen fixation. | | |
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18.
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The
movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because a. | energy flows in
one direction and nutrients recycle. | b. | energy is limited in the biosphere and nutrients are always
available. | c. | nutrients flow in one direction and energy
recycles. | d. | energy forms chemical compounds and nutrients are lost as
heat. | | |
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19.
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The
average year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region is the
region’s a. | weather. | b. | latitude. | c. | ecosystem. | d. | climate. | | |
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20.
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All
of the following factors contribute to Earth’s climate EXCEPT a. | latitude. | b. | biomes and ecosystems. | c. | transport of
heat. | d. | shape and elevation of land mass. | | |
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21.
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The
greenhouse effect is a. | the result of an excess of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere. | b. | a natural phenomenon that maintains Earth’s temperature
range. | c. | the result of the differences in the angle of the sun’s
rays. | d. | an unnatural phenomenon that causes heat energy to be radiated
back into the atmosphere. | | |
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22.
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Each
of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT a. | plant
life. | b. | soil type. | c. | rainfall. | d. | temperature. | | |
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23.
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Which
is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem? a. | average
temperature of the ecosystem | b. | type of soil in the ecosystem | c. | number and kinds
of predators in the ecosystem | d. | concentration of oxygen in the
ecosystem | | |
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24.
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During a long period when there is no rainfall, a mountain lion may temporarily leave
its usual hunting territory to drink from a farm pond. This behavior is probably due
to a. | its need to find
different foods to eat. | b. | the change in an abiotic factor in its
environment. | c. | its need to find a new habitat. | d. | the change in a
biotic factor in its environment. | | |
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25.
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An
organism’s niche is a. | the way the organism uses the range of physical and biological
conditions in which it lives. | b. | all the physical and biological factors in the organism’s
environment. | c. | the range of temperatures that the organism needs to
survive. | d. | a full description of the place an organism
lives. | | |
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26.
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Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because
they a. | have different
habitats within the tree. | b. | eat different foods within the tree. | c. | occupy different
niches within the tree. | d. | can find different temperatures within the
tree. | | |
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27.
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An
interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism is called a. | competition. | b. | sybiosis. | c. | mutualism. | d. | predation. | | |
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28.
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No
two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time a. | because of the
interactions that shape the ecosystem. | b. | unless the species require different abiotic
factors. | c. | because of the competitive exclusion
principle. | d. | unless the species require different biotic
factors. | | |
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29.
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A
symbiosis in which both species benefit is a. | commensalism. | b. | mutualism. | c. | predation. | d. | parasitism. | | |
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30.
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The
symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an
example of a. | mutualism
because the flower provides the insect with food, and the insect pollinates the
flower. | b. | parasitism because the insect lives off the nectar from the
flower. | c. | commensalism because the insect does not harm the flower and
the flower does not benefit from the relationship. | d. | predation
because the insect feeds on the flower. | | |
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31.
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The
series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time is called a. | population
growth. | b. | ecological succession. | c. | climax
community. | d. | climate change. | | |
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32.
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What
is one difference between primary and secondary succession? a. | Primary
succession is slow and secondary succession is rapid. | b. | Secondary
succession begins on soil and primary succession begins on newly exposed
surfaces. | c. | Primary succession modifies the environment and secondary
succession does not. | d. | Secondary succession begins with lichens and primary succession
begins with trees. | | |
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33.
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Which
two biomes have the least amount of precipitation? a. | tropical rain
forest and temperate grassland | b. | tropical savanna and tropical dry
forest | c. | tundra and desert | d. | boreal forest
and temperate woodland and shrubland | | |
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34.
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A
biome is identified by its particular set of abiotic factors and its a. | average
precipitation and temperature. | b. | characteristic ecological community. | c. | distance from
the equator. | d. | specific geographical location. | | |
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35.
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One
of the main characteristics of a population is its a. | change over
time. | b. | geographic distribution. | c. | dynamics. | d. | habitat. | | |
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36.
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Which
are two ways a population can decrease in size? a. | immigration and emigration | b. | increased death
rate and immigration | c. | decreased birthrate and emigration | d. | emigration and
increased birthrate | | |
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37.
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When
individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate, it is called a. | logistic
growth. | b. | growth density. | c. | exponential
growth. | d. | multiple growth. | | |
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38.
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As
resources in a population become less available, population growth a. | declines
rapidly. | b. | increases slowly. | c. | reaches carrying
capacity. | d. | enters a phase of exponential growth. | | |
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39.
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In a
logistic growth curve, exponential growth is the phase in which the population a. | reaches carrying
capacity. | b. | grows quickly and few animals are
dying. | c. | growth begins to slow down. | d. | growth
stops. | | |
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40.
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A
biotic or an abiotic resource in the environment that causes population size to decrease is
a a. | carrying
capacity. | b. | limiting nutrient. | c. | limiting
factor. | d. | growth factor. | | |
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41.
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All
of the following are limiting factors EXCEPT a. | immigration. | b. | competition. | c. | predation. | d. | human
disturbances. | | |
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42.
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If a
population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, the a. | death rate may
rise. | b. | birthrate may rise. | c. | death rate must
fall. | d. | birthrate must fall. | | |
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43.
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Each
of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor EXCEPT a. | competition. | b. | predation. | c. | crowding. | d. | disease. | | |
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44.
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Which
of the following is a density-independent limiting factor? a. | earthquake | b. | disease | c. | emigration | d. | parasitism | | |
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45.
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A
disease resulting in the deaths of one-third of a dense population of bats in a cave would be
a a. | density-dependent limiting factor. | b. | result of
exponential growth. | c. | density-independent limiting factor. | d. | nutrient-limiting factor. | | |
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